O estigma da loucura e o desafio de efetivação da desinstitucionalização estabelecida pela resolução nº 487/2023 do CNJ: uma análise à luz da teoria do etiquetamento social

Abstract

This research analyzes the stigma of madness and the challenges to the effective implementation of deinstitutionalization as foreseen in Resolution No. 487/2023 of the National Council of Justice, in light of the Social Labeling Theory. The objective is to understand how stigma and social labeling affect the practical application of antiasylum policies and the reintegration of people with mental disorders into society. The methodology used was qualitative, based on a bibliographic and documentary review, encompassing authors such as Foucault, Goffman, Becker, and Zaffaroni, as well as legislation and institutional reports. The study shows that Resolution No. 487/2023 represents a legal milestone of formal progress in guaranteeing the rights of people with mental suffering, but its effectiveness is compromised by the persistence of social and cultural structures that still link madness to dangerousness. The results demonstrate that social stigma and the absence of public inclusion policies perpetuate the exclusion of these people, now outside of asylums, but still marginalized in community life. It is concluded that effective deinstitutionalization requires a broad cultural transformation, based on breaking down stigma and implementing policies that ensure the full exercise of citizenship and human dignity