Corpos objetificados: uma perspectiva bioética da invisibilidade, silenciamento e descredibilidade no enfrentamento da violência sexual contra mulheres com deficiência

Abstract

Sexual violence is a problem experienced by hundreds of women in Brazil every day. The patriarchal system, brought to the country by European colonizers, has at its core the compulsory production of a masculinity built on the idea of ​​men's superiority over women, who are seen as objects of possession by men, whether they are their fathers, partners, boyfriends or mere strangers. Public policies to prevent and combat this type of violence have proven inadequate for the group of women with disabilities who, according to official data, are 10% more likely to be raped. Based on the hypothesis that Bioethics, especially feminist and decolonial Bioethics, is a possible tool to be used in the development of a public policy to combat sexual violence against women with disabilities, this research brings a perspective from decolonial feminism, using Rita Segato and Heleith Saffioti as theoretical references. Qualitative research was chosen within the national territory, in which open interviews were used with seven women with disabilities, who declared having suffered sexual violence, as the most appropriate means for the researcher to approach the reality experienced by these women in their daily lives, enabling a better understanding of their vulnerabilities. Discourse Analysis, based on Foucault's theory, was the technique used to detect and select the categories of analysis: silencing, discrediting, and invisibility of women with disabilities who are victims of sexual violence. Ableism, conceptualized as discrimination against people due to their disability, was perceived in all interviews, showing itself to be structurally adhered to patriarchy and intersected with stereotypes and stigmas of women and people with disabilities. To address ableism and its intersectionality with markers of race, gender, and social class, authors such as bioethicist Débora Diniz were used. Finally, a proposal for a public policy to combat sexual violence against women with disabilities was presented, called the Plan to Combat Sexual Violence against Women with Disabilities, which encompasses actions that are concomitant with combating ableism and its intersections in the areas of education, health, social assistance, work and income, and security, with special attention to the empowerment of these women, so that they can be autonomous and economically independent. The actions provided for in the proposal were developed based on federal government programs related to Axis II of the New Living Without Limits Plan and the National Pact for the Prevention of Feminicides, formatting actions that can serve women with disabilities, preventing and acting to reduce the sexual violence of which they are potential victims